The distribution of population in the world is uneven – some areas are very crowded while some are sparsely populated. There are various reasons behind uneven distribution:

→ Geographical factors: Favourable topography, availability of mineral and fresh water resources, favourable climate and soil fertility are some of the reasons affecting population distribution e.g., Indo Gangetic Plains, Diamond Mines of South Africa etc are densely populated.
→ Social and Cultural factors: Areas of better housing, education and health facilities are more populated. Places of religious and cultural significance also attract people e.g., Varanasi, Jerusalem etc.
→ Economic factors: Places having more industries, transportation and communication facilities provide better employment opportunities. People are attracted to these places because of the above reasons e.g., Mumbai, Osaka etc.

https://www.indcareer.com/schools/ncert-solutions-for-8th-class-geography-chapter-6-human-resources/